![]() ![]() Abstract: The mechanisms and predictors of insulator degradation and erosion by pulsed high-current surface discharges are presented and discussed.Tower Madness 2: 3D Defense MOD (Unlimited Wools)ĭownload The Latest Apk Version of Tower Madness 2: 3D Defense MOD, A Strategy Game For Android. Erosion and degradation depend on the insulator material, the electrode material, the ambient gas, and the presence of UV stabilizers in, or on the surface of, the insulator. Insulator degradation is the result of material decomposition into conductive metal or carbon species and is measured by a decrease in the surface breakdown voltage. Insulator erosion is measured by the material's mass loss. The performance of a large group of ceramic, polymeric, and elastomeric materials tested with graphite and molybdenum electrodes is presented in this investigation. The insulators are exposed to repetitive 300-kA 20-mus-long surface discharges. Tests are performed in atmospheric air and pure nitrogen. Various methods to rank insulators in terms of holdoff voltage degradation, mass erosion, and holdoff voltage conditioning (HVC) using the material's thermochemical properties are presented and discussed. HVC is characterized by an initial increase in surface holdoff voltage. The ranking method developed by the authors characterizes the insulator according to the holdoff degradation resistance (HDR), mass vaporization coefficient (MVC), and HVC figures of merit calculated by the material's thermochemical properties. The investigation also shows the relationship between the HDR, MVC, and HVC figures of merit.read more read lessĪbstract: Insulator materials for electromagnetic launchers have been extensively evaluated for their performance under plasma armature conditions. Melting, erosion and ablation damage of polymers, glass-reinforced polymers and ceramics have necessitated regular replacement to maintain electrical isolation of rail conductors. A glass-fiber-reinforced polymer insulator from the G series was examined for its performance in a multishot electromagnetic launch (EML) environment employing a solid aluminum armature. Bore surveys were conducted between launches to monitor the condition of the insulator surfaces. Techniques to assess degradation by debris deposition, matrix ablation and gross delamination utilized an in situ optical bore scope and an internal bore gage that measured insulator-to-insulator dimensions in the medium caliber square bore. The widely used, glass-reinforced polymer insulator G10 was found to maintain its electrical integrity over multiple launches. The extent of degradation was found to be dependent upon the magnitude of the local energy dissipation and corresponding location within the gun bore. Measures to control damage through materials engineering can be developed from this knowledge base.In short (links to follow as I find time to put them in). Powerful switches alternate the electromagnetic poles in the drive coils as the projectile passes through the coils. This requires high voltage, high amperage, high speed electrical switches. Is a type of projectile accelerator consisting of one or more coils Researchers have been trying to build these for decades with only moderate success. 1 In almost all coilgun configurations, the coils and the Used as electromagnets in the configuration of a linear motor thatĪccelerate a ferromagnetic or conducting projectile to high Precisely timed sequence, causing the projectile to be accelerated Gun barrel are arranged on a common axis.Ĭoilguns generally consist of one or more coils arranged along aīarrel, so the path of the accelerating projectile lies along theĬentral axis of the coils. Coilguns are distinctįrom railguns, as the direction of acceleration in a railgun is at Quickly along the barrel via magnetic forces. In addition, railguns usually require the use of Right angles to the central axis of the current loop formed by theĬonducting rails.
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